System Thinking in comparison to Traditional Approach - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1325 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Uncategorized Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? System Thinking in comparison to Traditional Approach: The way in which people understand the complexities around themselves is called system thinking. Moreover, it is about breaking down these complexities in simpler solutions or finding ways out in order to solve the problems in less time. Playing chess could be compared with this type of approach, due to the fact that the skills of playing chess can only be improved after regular practice On the other hand, the visual and diagrammatic approach is not used in reductionists approach. In this way the problems are broken down by management from bigger complexity level to comparatively smaller complexity level. The problem is further divided into smaller parts until the problem is solved. For solving bigger problems by breaking them down in smaller problems is called system thinking. For this purpose, the techniques like visual aids and diagrams are used for better understanding of the solution. Whereas, th e name reductionist approach reflects the breaking down of bigger problems into smaller parts, in order to solve the complexity level. For example, if we have a query like 20 X11 then we can solve it as 10 X11 and 10 X11=110 and 10 X11=110 the adding both the answers would give the same result as 20 X11. This is not the approach used for system thinking, it is been considered that if the problem is broken down into smaller problems many of important points could be missed along with emerging of new problems, using the reductionist approach from a bigger perspective could be a problem. This is due to the fact that, in reductionist approach, every problem broken down is considered to be separate problem, this is the biggest flaw considered in reductionist approach (BusinessDictionary.com, 2013). Because when the problem is of bigger complexity level then the risk of making every sub component independent of each other could further increase the complexity level. Therefore, in such sce narios system approach provides the best solution by making the problem easier and deducing accurate results out of it. Thus, system approach is preferred over reductionist approach. This is claimed because it would be impossible to judge the personality of any individual by studying its individual genes, whereas, if the personality is judged as a whole could better depict the personality characteristics of any individual. ADD 30-40 WORDS HERE Features of System Thinking: The features of system thinking could better portray the importance and advantage of this approach. More importantly, this approach uses visual aids, making problem more easier to be visualized. This is due to the fact that many details are hard to be read, understood and interpreted by the attendees, whereas, by viewing these details could leave a mark on their memory regarding the problem statement (Creatingtechnology.org, 2014). It is important to see the problems from a bigger perspective for problems having bigger complexities. System approach is a problem simplifier or improver agent instead of typical problem solving technique. This approach facilitates every employee to communicate with each other, under one roof and present their idea towards solving problem. These complexities cannot be resolved verbally; they require proper attention and documentation. This brings up the whole situation of the problem, in front of the employees. When the problem is seen on the bigger spectrum then every issue related to that problem is also upraised and presented clearly. Fig-1 Systems approach used by University of Vermont However, system approach facilitates with maximum problem solving but for using this technique, highly skilled staff is required. The requirement of the skilled staff is important for this purpose, due to the fact that, whatever, is the nature of the problem, the staff could handle it in a more professional and logical way. This skilled staff, using lat est technology could better use this approach for solving problem. ADD 50 WORDS HERE System Thinking Approach and its Uses: The system thinking approach received critical feedback from many managers in the beginning, when it was introduced as a concept in the scientific world. This happened because the concept and its execution were completely new and the managers were not used of these type of procedures. Whereas, with the passage of time, many advancements has forced people to consider other approaches over system approach but even then system approach has an edge over other traditional approaches (Mennta.hi.is, 2013). Along with these types of approaches, skilled minds are required for better solving these problems. The solution of the problem not only depends on the systematic approach but also the sub-divided components for developing the solution of the whole problem. This shows that this approach is useful when the complexities are judged with all the sub-divided components. The system approach could be better understood in comparison with reduction approach. Such as in the biology, when we are required to study the environment, we can break it in smaller parts like plants, flowers etc and then every part is analyzed and reported on the basis of which the deduction on environment is conducted. Management is used to solve problems through mathematical and logical approach but when the complexity increases then the management uses diagrammatic approach. These diagrams are used to present the phenomenon in a simpler way. However, the work force would be motivated to understand these diagrams and once they would, then next time they would come up with new ideas for solving problems. In cases, when management is unable to solve the problem, even after using System approach then it must be the problem that the management is looking at the problem from different perspective. When the problem is of recurring nature the system thinking approach proves to be useful as it gives the overview of the picture from a bigger perspective (Pespmc1.vub.ac.be, 2014). In this approach the sub-division of problem into sub-components, makes it simpler to be solved by the management. Till this time only one flaw is indicated this could be overcome after proper training of staff. ADD 150 WORDS HERE System Approach and its Evaluation through Different Diagrams: System thinking approach uses different visual aids and tables; it has its own benefits and disadvantages. The diagrammatic approach uses the input and output of data in the diagrams for solving the problem. This input and out depicts the initialization of the problem and execution of the solution. The problem statement is taken as a input and the diagrammatic layout is considered to be the system and the output is the end result of the situation. The diagram helps to see the bigger picture as a whole and allows the better analysis of the problem. Environment System Figure 2 an input output diagram of systems approach to management Types of Diagram: System Mapping: It is another type of diagram, where management needs to study the complexities of sub-components along with the overlapping relations among them. A simple look can give the impression of being more difficult and can give the impression that the problem is more difficult then it seems (System Approach to Management, 2012). It uses different type of visual aids and icons for giving better understanding of the problem. Influence Diagrams: It presents the complexity in intuitive form. Using graphical aid, flowing of elements is all used in this type of diagrams. Also, using arrows is of great importance as it portrays the relationship among entities. Further, the influences used within the diagrams are Probabilistic influence, Value influence and Structural influence. ADD 50 WORDS HERE References BusinessDictionary.com, (201 3).What is system approach? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/system-approach.html [Accessed 7 May. 2014]. Creatingtechnology.org, (2014).Systems approach in science and engineering. [online] Available at: https://www.creatingtechnology.org/sysapp.htm [Accessed 7 May. 2014]. Mennta.hi.is, (2013).System Approach. [online] Available at: https://mennta.hi.is/starfsfolk/solrunb/system.htm [Accessed 7 May. 2014]. Pespmc1.vub.ac.be, (2014).Basic Concepts of the Systems Approach. [online] Available at: https://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSAPPR.html [Accessed 7 May. 2014]. System Approach to MaAnagment, (2012).System Approach to Managment. 34. NewYork, p.2. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "System Thinking in comparison to Traditional Approach" essay for you Create order

Essay On Water Pollution - 1200 Words

Water is one of the most needed elements for survival on Earth. All organisms contain it, drink it or live in it. Water pollution has been an increasing problem for many generations. Pollution has been around for more than a century, but people did not believe that it was a real threat until it became more aggressive over the years. Pollution comes in many forms such as agricultural, runoff, industrial, sedimentary, animal wastes, etc. For example, many industries began using synthetic materials such as plastics, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), inorganic pesticides, and among other substances that many cases lead to contamination water systems. These materials are not only toxic, but they are also detrimental to the environment and†¦show more content†¦A nonpoint source is pollutants enter indirectly through environmental changes such as fertilizer carried into streams by rain. In 2015, Flint rash investigation (2016) notes that there were 390 rashes and 175 hair loss symp toms are the majority complaints in water quality and a higher level of chlorine, pH, and water hardness factors that could lead to developing skin irritation or rashes. Health risks in contaminated wells been exposed to concentrations of nitrate, radon, lead, and organic compounds (DeSimone, 2009). Groundwater is considered the safest water quality to drink in the United States claimed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. According to Kennedy, Whitman Burrows, Richmond (2004), â€Å"24 trace elements such as arsenic, lead, and zinc were collected at streambed sediment sample for protection of aquatic life in 2001.† Also during the following year of 2002, â€Å"stream sediment analyzes organ chlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)† (Kennedy, Whitman, Burrows, Richmond, 2004). Kennedy, Whitman, Burrows, Richmond, (2004) reviewed an additional examine causes water that is unpleasant to drink due to bad odo r, taste, and algae in lakes become artificially enriched with nutrients from the chemical fertilizers that run off cultivated fields into the water. Although protecting 168,000 nation s public drinking waterShow MoreRelatedWater Pollution Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesWater Pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Most of our Earth is covered in water and, out of the 100% of water around the world only 35% of it is not polluted. Water Pollution has an effect on everyone and everything around us. Water Pollution causes a great amount of health problems to not just animals but, humans to. With Water Pollution comes the death of aqutic wildlife, disruption of the food chain, and diseases. 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Most of our nation’s waterways are in terrible condition because of the pollution in the water. Water pollution not only can cause illnesses, but also deaths for humans. Humans aren’t the only thing that water pollution causes harm to. It is also hurting our ecosystem. Humans are the leading cause of most water pollution. We keep throwing wastes into the water making the water unsafe for humans to drink. ScientistsRead MoreAir And Water Pollution Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pages Air and water pollution is one of the biggest problems the environment faces today. It is one of the highest leading cause of death. Air and water pollution has been affecting the environment for many years causing many diseases among people especially children. I will study and examine the early childhood growth between two countries which are Australia and Tanzania. I will discuss how clean and polluted their air and water is for each country. Their access to clean water. I will also explainRead MoreEssay about Water Pollution and Drinking Water Scarcity1408 Words   |  6 Pages It is scary but true. Water, one hydrogen and two oxygen, is a compound that life on Earth is completely dependent upon. A clean drinking water supply is imperative if life is going to continue. Without a supply of clean drinking water, life would cease to exist. Much of Earth’s water is contaminated with chemicals and more water is being polluted each day. The sad fact is that the pollutants are being dumped into the water by man himself. We are slowly, and knowingly, killing off our own

Dracula Bram Stoker Essay Example For Students

Dracula Bram Stoker Essay Bram Stoker creates suspense in Jonathan Harkers first diary entry by his description of the scene. An atmosphere of dread, fear and the unknown can be felt when reading the passage. Dusk is the time of day where you can imagine all sorts of creepy things happening. The sun setting behind the mountains give the appearance of moving shadows. The passengers felt so afraid of their surroundings that they crossed themselves. Jonathan feels unsure about the excitement he sees from the other passengers, which cant, be explained. Draculas appearance is mystical. The writer begins to build suspense when Jonathan Harker describes the shadows of the evening. He creates an atmospheric effect by saying they creep around us. This gives the awareness that the night is coming and like a person or animal is stalking them. From the opening lines of his diary I think Jonathan is feeling uncomfortable.  Bram Stoker begins to build tension when Jonathan Harker describes by the roadside were many crosses. He creates a scene of darkness and dread. I think this gives the effect that Jonathan is nervous in his surroundings. The writer begins to build anxiety when Jonathan describes The Ghost-like clouds. He creates a Ghost like illusion by saying the falling sunset threw into strange relief the ghost-like clouds. I think this gives the impression that Dracula is playing with his mind.  From reading the book you get the sense of the behaviour of the passengers as we swept by, my companions all crossed themselves the scene the writer create is of dread. The passengers can feel the tension that all is not right but they are afraid. They call upon the cross as away of helping them to get through the night. I think that this gives the feeling that the passengers are afraid of what they might encounter. Bram Stoker continues to build suspense when Jonathan says, when it grew dark there seemed to be some excitement amongst the passengers. The passengers are persuading the driver to go faster to leave the area quicker the figures of my late companions crossing themselves. I took this to mean that the passengers are afraid of Dracula. Like the passengers are begin to fear Dracula before we even see him.  Bram Stoker starts to build anxiety when Jonathan describes, one by one several of the passengers offered me gifts. This suggests that the passengers turned to their religion in order to keep them safe and to protect them from evil by offering Jonathan the cross they hoped it protect him from the evil. When Jonathan describes his feelings I felt a strange chill, and a lonely feeling came over me. This produces anxiety and tension I felt a little strange, and not a little frightened. I think this gives the impact that Jonathan is beginning to feel fear of the unknown situation that he is in.  Another example of tension is when Jonathan describes. I would have liked to asked the driver what it all meant. I think Jonathan is beginning to question the strange things that are happening around him. By saying I really feared to do so. Jonathan gives the impression that he is petrified of the driver. As they drive nearer to Draculas castle Jonathan describes from the mountains on each side of us began a louder and a sharper howling that of wolves. This shows that just the sounds of wolves increase Jonathan feelings. His first reaction is to flee and hide by saying I was mined to jump from the catches and run. Reading further into the story there is further into the story there is further evidence of Jonathan fear increasing when he meets the wolves face to face. He paralysed with fear. The appearance of the wolves make him realise that the sight of them is more terrifying then anything he could image wolves, with white teeth and lolling red tongues, with long, sineivly limbs and shaggy hair. .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da , .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .postImageUrl , .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da , .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:hover , .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:visited , .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:active { border:0!important; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:active , .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41344ef178900bef28c3aefee358c7da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The novel Reading in the Dark EssayThe best way that the writer builds tension is when Jonathan describes Dracula appearance the lamp light fell on a hard looking mouth, with very red lips and sharp looking teeth, as white as ivory. This gives a dramatic effect because Jonathan doesnt know that the cache driver is Dracula and he is stunned when he sees the drivers face.  The way Dracula controls the horse adds to Jonathan unease. He petted and soothed them, and whispered something in their ears. After being frightened by the noise from the wolves, the horses became agitated and unmanageable, but a few quietly spoken words by Dracula were enough to calm them down. I have heard of horse tamers doing this and with extraordinary effect. Jonathan, to me is trying to understand what he has just seen. A lot of unusual events seem to be happening to Jonathan, which he is having a lot of trouble making sense of. When the driver (Dracula) had left them the horses began to tremble. Jonathan could sense the horses fear. Jonathan has noticed that the driver has had this effect on the wolves also, as he swept his long arms as though brushing aside some impalpable obstacle, the wolves fell back and back further still. To Jonathan, the driver seems to be controlling the surroundings that he has found himself in. because Jonathan is more terrorized than ever before bring about a real strong sense of suspense to this story, which the writer Bram Stoker intended to do.  Bram Stoker has crated suspense in this diary entry by the words he uses and the scenes he has described. And especially the detailed description of the first encounter with Dracula.

Improvement of Service Quality for Service

Question: Discuss about the Improvement of Service Quality for Service. Answer: Introduction: Economical schemes application can be reviewed as it is being applied regarding the driving of the yield edge in the less end that along with the sufficient statement on potential schemes, effects on the long and medium-span interest rates through the anticipation theory regarding the period system of the interest charges. The issue that appears is that why fundamental reservoir cannot regulate the lee-span interest charges conveniently, effectively and evidently through dedicating to select and to provide immediately stocks on the applicable expected interest charges i.e. group of null breadth suddenly charge passway by prevailing services. As an alternative, fundamental financial centre: Seem to provide fundamental economical centre financial reservoirs by the open industrial functions just differencing from one time span to different (rather on the frequent form) and moderately applying sale functions along with few charges or the amount doubtness, and Restrictions suddenly charge instability just moderately by the prevailing services at the time of the punishment charges, i.e. for applying a non-null pathway to the sudden charges. Hence, this report examines that why fundamental monetary centres appears to be considered as the most difficult as well as defective for a common and extremely helpful advancement for the regulation regarding the less-span interest charges. As considering to any of the service management by Sandman, W. (2012), administrator are crucially worried regarding the time, which the users are needed to stay for getting their expected facilities. The postponement in getting the facility that will take the management to lining, which appears to be the common issue arising in the market atmosphere and crucially in routine life conditions. The basic aspects for the standard lining structure that includes the model of the queue cluster of requirements, facility and arrival methods, as well as the control over the lines. The governmental organization in on-site facility agency, banks or trade stores, the lack to change the ability of the facility will conclude in the lengthier lines. Therefore, the understanding and recognition of user requirements and the services, the user chooses more at the primary step regarding the augment of the facility ability. Between various loom that can be really effective for assessing various options, simulation has appeared to be established their extreme ability for assessing and modelling in various conditions. Worrying regarding the features of time span as well as inheriting the education regarding the expected forms by which the staying moments can be easily decreased is essential and even former to initiating a simulation. Such educations are really effective to make proposals for expected activity models or another optional transformation. The changed conditions are then evaluated consecutively and evaluated implementing simulation. For making the simulation structure, the functioning situations regarding the monetary centres can be accurately assessed and is crucially considered. Hence, the upcoming situations have been recognized: The bank gets started at 9:15 a.m. At 4:30 p.m., the ticket equipment gets stopped. Just 1 service counter is being active and from 4 counter just 2 are active. And from that, only two active counters operates till 5 p.m., although the other counter operates till every customer get catered. From the two active service counter, only one counter operates. The time limit for this service counter is three hours in a day that starts from 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m. The subsequent suppositions are being recognized at the time of the simulation model are made: The customers stay in the structure till the time they get the expected facility. The gap among the time, when a server calls for a customer and at the point of time, when the service gets initiated and gets neglected. At the service tables, there is no occurrence of the hindrance during any work. Depending upon the working situations regarding the monetary centres is explained in the former segment, and among that one of the service tables operates after the 4:30 p.m. till every customer gets catered; it can be clearly supposed that there stays no customer in the structure after 7:15 p.m. (i.e. as the time duration of the system is supposed to be of the 600 minutes). Remaining point of time is the time that a customer gets a token number, at which he/she is to be called for catering. Time among the malfunction of 3 hours and disintegrate time of 12 minutes have been recognized at service table 2. Simulation model for the bank Information regarding the common entry point of time of the customers and facility time of the two active service tables as well as single active counter that can be gathered during each progressive day. The design of the customer entry in the structure is a common quality regarding the lining model. For inheriting a knowledge regarding the service structure, the matching allocation of entry point of time should be assessed. In several evaluations, it can easily be recognized that the point of time among the entries of the customers approaches a negative rapid increase allocation. At the structuring stage, the created theoretical structure gets transformed into the programme-depending simulation model. Programmed simulation appears to be most helpful method for evaluating difficult structure that is really costly for being transformed by the actual testing. Such loom permits evaluation of various facility arrangements rather than any of the actual changes, tending it to choosing of the perfect resolutions during expensing crucially the lesser price. The report applies SIMIO model for transforming the theoretical structure regarding the simulation structure. The SIMIO simulation package are proficient of structuring the diversity of separate (for instance, segment depending) as well as frequent (for instance, liquids and extreme-amount rapid transforming products) elements. The subsequent section provides data regarding the simulation moving and offers the line regarding the SIMIO simulation structure for the present arrangement in the monetary centres. No, the bank should not transforms the distribution of the cashiers, because as considering the complete amount of the managers to accomplish every task effectively and daily. Hence, the changed structure may not appear to be working favorable for them. Yes, the bank can transform their queue transformation as in case for making it better and effective for the customers to get their work done without waiting for much time. Each of the two types of customers such as standard and preferred customers should get equal treatment and services according to their requirements. Each of them needs approximately 10 minutes of services for them and thus by this the manager have to cater each of the customers till the end time of the service counter. They should adopt more effective method as in by operating with two service counters and sending two standard customers on table one and one preferred customer on table two, so as to make it better for both the standard and preferred customers. By accepting this form of method, there appears mutual understanding and benefits among both the preferred and standard customers along with the managers on each of the counter. Through by maintaining the ratio of 50%, they can easily maintain the balance amo ng the preferred and standard customers. The justification methods can be organized to assess the precision regarding the structure as balanced to the actual structure. For executing this, the standard amounts of the customers are chosen as the evaluation of the structure strength. With regarding to this, the precise average amount of customers enters at the identical point of time on each 5 processing days at ( and each day, 134 customers can be supposed) has to be contrasted for the precise amount of the customers received in the 5 different simulation structure by serving 129 customers on each day. The custom evaluation among these two values denotes the suitable difference of ratio 3.7% that introduces the strength in the simulated structure. Hence, through the outcomes of A.R. Mukhopadhyay (2011), it can be said that from replicating the present arrangement of the monetary centres is under evaluation. In the bank, the manager trusts that the present average idol time of 39.47 minutes, which the customers have to wait by standing in the line to be catered through single of the two service tables in really improper. Hence, such value can be easily reduced by evaluating various options. Although, through the administrators perception, other aspects like the price of applying transformations as well as the operations of service tables can also be considered. For executing this, various arrangement can easily be recommended and simulated. The expected outcomes are available in the subsequent part. Suggesting Different Configuration Alternatives This section introduces different configurations that may result in better outputs including average utilization rate and average waiting time. This section introduces different configurations that may result in better outputs including average utilization rate and average waiting time. This part establishes the various arrangements, which can outcome in the finest alternative comprising average exploitation charge as well as average idol spending time. In any kind of the deduction in facility tends to the reduction in the usual time, which customers have to wait by standing in the line. Guiding appears to be one of the majorly useful forms, which tends to the decrement in facility time on any of the service tables. Depending on the administrators perception, educating the related cashier can decrease the facility time of service table 2 and 3 from 6.2 to 6.5 minutes correspondingly that might reduce the standard spending time on service table 2 through 13.11 minutes. As it is explained earlier that from the four service tables, only two are active at the present arrangement in the bank. Although, the option 2 recommends that the establishment of fresh service table (service table 1) is being active from 9:15 a.m. to 5 p.m. The freshly introduced service table caters every form of customers, identical as the other two service tables. Counter IV represents the simulation outcomes connected for the arrangement of option 2. Conclusion By this research, an approach can be created to develop the facility class of the bank branch by making a programme-depending simulation model. The simulation models confirm their ability in assessing various arrangements options without striking the charge of the real transformations. The programme-depending simulation model is being made using the SIMIO model depending on the information as well as the theoretical structure connected to the present arrangements in the bank under the evaluation. Following the verification and justification of the structure, varied options are also recommended and their resulting information is also evaluated. The outcome of the evaluation denotes that the option 4 that suggests the addition of the fresh service table, deducting the counter and regulating the time span of each service table appears to be crucially appropriate arrangement for evaluating the consumption charge, basic spending time for each customer as well as the price of application. References: Sarkar, A.R. Mukhopadhyay, and S.K. Ghoshc. (Aug. 2011). Improvement of service quality by reducing waiting time for service, J. Simul. Model. Pract. TH., vol. 19(7), pp. 16891698. Sandmann, Delays in a series of queues with correlated service times, J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 35(5), pp. 1415-1423, Sep. 2012. Sandman, W. (2012). Delays in a series of queues with correlated service times.

Juvenile Delinquency Essays - Parenting, Childhood, Crime

Juvenile Delinquency There is no doubt that various experts can give us many theories as to the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one's economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence, however, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver's license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to own a dog, but one does not have to have training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, yet, many parents today are already contributing to the ever increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to be parents. Being a parent is a lifelong commitment and new parents must learn parenting skills immediately; they do not have the luxury of internships and often times, mistakes in parenting will have drastic effects on the child. There are many reasons for the widespread crisis in families today. Below are some of those causes: Changes in the Social Environment - there have been many changes in our social environment over the last twenty five years. These changes have made a risky environment for today's youth. Children and teenagers spend more time with peer groups than ever before. Drugs and deadly weapons are used increasingly as ways to solve problems. Illicit and explicit sexuality and violence are the main subjects of choice in the media; and the impact of media influence has widened and become more vivid with the introduction of computers, video games, portable stereos and MTV. Changes in Family Structure and Functioning - The prevalence of divorce and the increasing number of women in the workplace have reduced the number of adults who provide interaction, structure and supervision in a child's life. Along with this, institutions have not kept pace in providing alternative programs for unsupervised kids. Add to this new parenting expectations that come with single parent and step- parent families and you now have a confusing, often inconsistent and/ or unreliable home base for children. Confusion About Parent Roles and Parent Control - When children reach adolescence, conflict between parents and teens normally increases as teens need to distance themselves from parental identity to establish their own identity. Experts agree they are generally three parenting styles that reportedly escalate these conflicts. The authoritarian parent tends to emphasize rules and very harsh consequences. There is little room for discussion or negotiation. The indulgent parent tends to spoil the child and expects little or no responsibility at home, choosing instead to clean up after the child both at home and in his social misbehavior. The indifferent parent is so preoccupied with his/her own life and activities that little time and energy is given to either involvement or appropriate structure. The type of parenting that does work is simply called authoritative parenting. This type of parent assumes a role of authority in the child's life, but the rules and structure are sensible and flexible to accommodate the child's growth toward adolescence and young adulthood. The parent's intelligent explanations of the rules plus reasonable enforcement help to maintain a steady reduction of control as the child matures.

Definition and Examples of Language Varieties

Definition and Examples of Language Varieties In  sociolinguistics, language variety- also called  lect- is a general term for any distinctive form of a language or linguistic expression. Linguists commonly use language variety (or simply variety) as a cover term for any of the overlapping subcategories of a language, including dialect,  register,  jargon, and  idiolect. Background To understand the meaning of language varieties, its important to consider how lects differ from  standard English. Even what constitutes standard English is a topic of hot debate among linguists. Standard English  is a  controversial term  for a form of the English language that is written and spoken by educated users.  For some linguists, standard English is a synonym for  good  or  correct  English  usage. Others use the term to refer to a specific geographical  dialect  of English or a dialect favored by the most powerful and prestigious social group. Varieties of language develop for a number of reasons: differences can come about for geographical reasons; people who live in different geographic areas often develop distinct dialects- variations of standard English. Those who belong to a specific group, often academic or professional, tend to adopt jargon that is known to and understood by only members of that select group. Even individuals develop idiolects, their own specific ways of speaking. Dialect The word  dialect- which contains lect within the term- derives from the Greek words  dia- meaning   across, between and  legein  speak.  A  dialect  is a regional or social  variety  of a  language  distinguished by pronunciation,  grammar, and/or  vocabulary. The term  dialect  is often used to characterize a way of speaking that differs from the  standard  variety of the language. Sarah Thomason of the  Linguistic Society of America  notes: All dialects start with the same system, and their partly independent histories leave different parts of the parent system intact. This gives rise to some of the most persistent myths about language, such as the claim that the people of Appalachia speak pure Elizabethan English. Certain dialects have gained negative connotations in the U.S. as well as in other countries. Indeed, the term  dialect  prejudice  refers to discrimination based on a persons  dialect  or way of  speaking.  Dialect prejudice is a type of  linguicism- discrimination based on dialect. In their article Applied Social Dialectology, published in Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of  Language and Society, Carolyn Temple and Donna Christian observe: ...dialect prejudice is  endemic in public life, widely tolerated, and institutionalized in social enterprises that affect almost everyone, such as education and the media. There is limited knowledge about and little regard for    linguistic  study showing that all varieties of a language display systematicity and that the   elevated  social position of standard varieties has no scientific linguistic basis. Due to this kind of dialectic prejudice, Suzanne Romaine, in Language in Society, notes: Many linguists now prefer the term  variety  or  lect  to avoid the sometimes  pejorative  connotations that the term dialect has. Register Register is defined as the  way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances. Think about the words you choose, your tone of voice, even your body language. You probably behave very differently chatting with a friend than you would at a formal dinner party or during a job interview. These variations in formality,  also called stylistic variation, are known as registers in linguistics. They are determined by such factors as social occasion,  context,  purpose, and  audience. Registers are marked by a variety of specialized vocabulary and turns of phrases, colloquialisms, the use of  jargon, and a difference in intonation and pace. Registers are used in all forms of communication, including written, spoken, and signed. Depending on grammar, syntax, and tone, the register may be extremely rigid or very intimate. You dont even need to use an actual word to communicate effectively. A huff of exasperation during a debate or a grin while signing hello speaks volumes. Jargon Jargon  refers to the specialized  language  of a professional or occupational group. Such language is often meaningless to outsiders. American poet  David Lehman  has described jargon as the verbal sleight of hand that makes the old hat seem newly fashionable; it gives an air of novelty and specious profundity to ideas that, if stated directly, would seem superficial, stale, frivolous, or false. George Packer describes jargon in a similar vein in a 2016 article in the New Yorker magazine: â€Å"Professional jargon- on Wall Street, in humanities departments, in government offices- can be a fence raised to keep out the uninitiated and permit those within it to persist in the belief that what they do is too hard, too complex, to be questioned. Jargon acts not only to   euphemize  but to license, setting insiders against outsiders and giving the flimsiest notions a scientific aura.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Pam Fitzpatrick, a senior research director at Gartner, a Stamford, Connecticut-based research and advisory firm specializing in high tech, writing on  LinkedIn,  puts it more bluntly: Jargon is waste. Wasted breath, wasted energy. It absorbs time and space but does nothing to further our goal of persuading people to help us solve complex problems. In other words, jargon is a faux method of creating a sort of dialect that only those on this inside group can understand. Jargon has social implications similar to dialect  prejudice but in reverse: It is a way of making those who understand this particular variety of language more erudite and learned; those who are members of the group that understands the particular jargon are considered smart, while those on the outside are simply not bright enough to comprehend this kind of language. Types of Lects In addition to the distinctions discussed previously, different types of lects also echo the types of language varieties: Regional dialect: A variety spoken in a particular region.Sociolect: Also known as a  social dialect, a  variety of language  (or register) used by a socioeconomic class, a profession, an age group, or any  other social group.Ethnolect: A lect spoken by a specific ethnic group. For example, Ebonics, the vernacular  spoken by  some African-Americans, is a type of ethnolect, notes  e2f,  a language-translation firm.Idiolect:  According to e2f, the language  or languages spoken by each individual. For example, if you are multilingual and can speak in different registers and styles, your idiolect comprises several languages, each with multiple registers and styles. In the end, language varieties come down to judgments, often illogical, that are, according to Edward Finegan in Language: Its Structure and Use: ...imported from outside the realm of language and represent attitudes to particular varieties or to forms of expression within particular varieties. The language varieties, or lects, that people speak often serve as the basis for judgment, and even exclusion, from certain social groups, professions, and business organizations. As you study language varieties, keep in mind that they are often based on judgments one group is making in regard to another.

In the course of history ruling elites have taken various form Essay

In the course of history ruling elites have taken various form. Discuss some of these forms,their difference and similarities - Essay Example In particular, their economic influence, their monopolization of media, and their high-paid lobbyists encode that create chief political candidates and formulate future policies as well. Although, they are very few in number, they exercise a very large amount of influence. Their wealth serves their power, and their power serves their wealth. In the context of Western Civilizations, there have been many examples of ruling elites. For instance, America is a democracy where it says that people rule; however, still the people do not rule, the elite classes and caste have ruled instead. After the World War II and with a lot of pressure in the Reagan revolution, there was a gathered consensus that classes and the elites should rule rather than the impersonal forces of the market. In the American history, it has been an observation that the American Oligarchy did their best to promote the notion that it does not exist. However, the success of its vanishing act was also dependant on arduous efforts of the public to believe in egalitarian fictions and their reluctance to see hidden thing in plain sight (Eyal, Szelenvi, Townsley, pp. 40-47). In history, analysis has indicated that apart from the ruling elites, none of the population had any sort of political representation.

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached - Essay Example Study of history suggests that the act of impeachment of the Political parties is carried out for seeking political gain. Parties use the powers to enforce their cause and it leads to disturbance and conflict between each other. The two party systems in the United States make the process of impeachment a symbolic power struggle between that of the Congress and the President of the United States. The overall nature of the political impeachment may not yield well for the benefit of the nation. Generally in case of impeachment criminal charges are held against the convict, but the case with Andrew Johnson was different .The Congress did not charged any particular sort of criminal offences against the ruling president of America. However it was mentioned in the section 4, of the Article 11 that the crimes of impeachment were based on the treason, bribery or association with other high crimes or transgression. However they alleged the president as a person being criminal and committing a lot of misconduct. Thus the presence of intense partisan politics cannot be ignored in the case of Andrew Johnson. The motives of the Congress were instrumental in deciding the impeachment of Andrew Jonson. It was because of the stubbornness of Johnson which made him unpopular among the radical Congress. Congress had the aim of being popular all over the country and wanted the suffrage of the American which was highly opposed by Johnson which led to his downfall (Political parties and impeachment, n. d). Johnson never tried to enter into an agreement with the Congress and was strict on his decisions which strengthened the opposition of the Congress against him. Lot before the impeachment of Johnson took place, Congress decided to remove Johnson from his position as they were of the view that the reconstruction policy of America undertaken by them will receive severe opposition under Johnson. After the civil war was over, Congress wanted to transform the south in a massive manner. Th ey wanted to revive the economic condition over there and wanted a permanent solution to the class system which was prevalent over there. The Congress was also of the view of providing the freed slaves of the south with a full citizenship of America

BMW Cars in US Car Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BMW Cars in US Car Industry - Case Study Example Mini and the 1-series rapidly grew at much higher rate through 2008. Since the early days of the new millennium BMW has been one of the first automakers to utilize flexible factories in which more than one vehicles model could be produced at the same time. This enabled the company to meet shifts in market demand more effectively than BMW's competitors could. BMW challenges to retain its market position in the international market for luxury cars. Many automakers, such as Hyundai with its Genesis sedan or Nissan's Infiniti brand are increasingly successful in realizing higher margins earned on luxury vehicles. BMW is rated behind luxury brands such as Lexus, Porsche, Mercedes, and Infiniti for these reasons 1. The car industry is undergoing a rough phase for some years because of recession set in many parts of world including USA. According to Mr. Kinoshita of Toyota Credit squeeze has made sales and profits tumbling caused by deteriorating demand. . The BMW Group reported a year-to-date sales volume of 70,606 vehicles, which is 29.4 percent, compared to 99,977 vehicles sold in the same period of 2008. Experts project that in future strongest sales growth is unlikely to come from the US and Europe which became more a manufacturing centre. Sales growth is likely to come from Asian countries such as China, India, Middle East and Russia where demand for motor vehicles is increasing. Sales in number of vehicles are shown declining in the following table. Supply side During recession the demand for the product is the primary factor. Supply is usually flexible to adjust with the demand without which products will have to be idle in the market or to be sold at reducing prices. There are so many suppliers in the market and most of them are languishing for want of adequate demand for vehicles. In this situation prices fall. A price war has been set in the premium car market among importers and dealers who are struggling to survive in a market with declining sales. And now BMW has entered the battle for the second time with price reductions. The new pricing of BMW cars are lower by about 15 per cent in Mini and BMW range of models. (Despite sales decline of 38.4 percent) The car market in US is very competitive with so many manufacturers and suppliers. The main competitors of BMW are Daimler Chrysler AG of DAI, Lexus of Toyota of, Audi of Volkswagen, Infiniti of Nissan; Cadillac of GM. Whereas other firms in the automobile sector manufacture commercial trucks, lower market vehicles, and buses as well BMW focuses exclusively on the production of premium personal automobiles and motorcycles. They have fewer brands that are easily recognisable. This specialized product positioning has earned success to the company in the US market with 2% of market share. GM, the local US company held the maximum market share in 2006 but fell down to 19% in May 08. Toyota has increased its market share from 15% in 2006 to 18% in May 08. Ford has lost market share from 17% to 15% in May 08. Honda has increased its market share from 9% in 06 to 12% in May 08. BMW maintained its market share at 2% in May 08. Foreign companies like BMW, Toyota, Lexus and Mercedes Benz repre sent one-third of all cars manufactured in the United States.Their operation is enormous and not infected by

Safeguarding the Wellbeing of Children and Young People

Safeguarding the Wellbeing of Children and Young People Explain how to support children and young people’s self-confidence and self-esteem A fundamental part of emotional development is the development of a young person’s self-confidence and self-esteem. Self-esteem can be defined as how you feel about yourself and your perceptions of yourself. Self-confidence is how you feel about your abilities and is dependent on each situation; it is shown through an individual’s behaviour and personality. There are four ways in which we can support our children in this area: interest, listen, expression and support. INTEREST : It is important to show a genuine interest in what a child is doing, learning about, discussing etc. In the class, ensure that you lower your body to their level and encourage them while they are working using lots of praise individually and in front of the class. This will also help to build a strong trusting relationship with pupils. LISTEN: By listening to a child this will also develop a strong bond and allow you to tune into a child’s behaviour and pick up on anything that may be upsetting them. I always make sure I make time to listen to whatever news and information the children tell me, giving them my undivided attention. This can gain trust as well especially if they need to express any worries. â€Å"The child needs to know that you are there to listen and, most importantly, that you will believe what he or she tells you† (Meggit 2013 p.142) EXPRESSION: A child must be able to feel that is perfectly normal to show a range of emotions they can feel sadness and also happiness and enjoyment. This creates a well-rounded individual that should feel confident enough to understand and express any concerns they may have. SUPPORT: Staff must always support and be there for the children in all situations whether they are related to school or home life. A friendly face and a smile at the start of the day can work wonders and will make you more approachable. Children need also to be supported through the school day, encourage pupils to try a more challenging activity like a complicated sum or climbing on a piece of gym equipment. This will motivate them and allow them attain higher levels. 6.2 Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in children and young people â€Å"Resilience is the capacity to bounce back from adversity. Protective factors increase  resilience, whereas risk factors increase vulnerability. Resilient individuals, families and  communities are more able to deal with difficulties and adversities than those with less  resilience. (www.gov.uk 2014) Teaching staff can help children to become confident individuals, to grow in independence and think for themselves. The more confident a child the more likely they are to be able to overcome adverse situations. In the class room children need support and encouragement but they also need a certain element of freedom to become more independent. For example for younger age groups allow them to dress themselves for PE or encourage them to put a dressing up costume on independently. This will teach them important skills, they may be frustrated initially but will feel a great sense of achievement when they can button up a shirt. With modern life being more pressurised and hectic we need to take time to reward and praise, recognise great efforts being made by a pupil in all areas of school life. This can help develop their own self-awareness, have a more positive attitude about themselves and set goals for the future. â€Å"Emotional intelligence or emotional well-being involves developing: positive self-esteem and self-image; emotional strength to deal with life’s highs and lows; confidence to face the world with optimism; and an awareness of our own feelings and those of other people† ( Kamen, 2012, p.300) 6.3. Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have strategies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety Nowadays we need to teach our children and young children both the dangers of face to face contact but also online contact too. They need to understand and recognise potential dangers and to be able to prevent putting themselves at risk and avoid harm. â€Å"You can teach children to be safe without scaring them – You just need to know how.† (www.kidpower.org 2014) Developing awareness starts in the early years foundation and continues right through to KS4 and by building trust with students as a support assistant they will be able to confide and talk to you if needs be. When explaining the need for safety it is important that it is dealt with calmly as you don’t want to increase fear and anxiety in the pupils. Local police officers often come into schools to discuss stranger safety, pupils are constantly reinforced about the importance of e-safety, road safety and the green cross code is often taught by outside groups in a fun but informative way and as they mature discussions which involve relationships, solvent/alcohol abuse must take place. PSHE (personal, social and health education) lessons do provide a perfect forum for such issues and to discuss problematic issues. As an adult you must remember to address these issues using age appropriate language, make sure they have the knowledge to safeguard themselves, explain what is appropriate/inappropriate, not to keep secrets and that you can say no. My school setting also communicates with parents over the issues of e-safety and stranger danger. 6.4 Explain ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well-being and safety. Children and young people need to be empowered in order to make positive and informed choices and this in turn will support their well-being and safety. â€Å"Therefore, the most effective way to teach children they have the power to take positive action to work through the challenges before them (now and later in life), is to encourage this belief in ourselves, and to make choices take action that reflects this belief.† (www.earthkids.com 2014) The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), changed the ways children are treated and viewed and outlines children’s rights and this document has empowered children. Within schools, teaching staff must help pupils to make the safe decisions, be supportive but discuss reasons. Children always push boundaries and as adults we must allow them to take and manage risks and grow in independence. For example when teaching children about road safety , they will be shown how to cross a road safely – stop, look ,listen and holding an adults hand, then the next step would be to cross with them without holding their hand and eventually the last stage would be crossing on their own. They are now empowered to make their own decision but throughout the process they have been supported and will understand the reasons for each stage. REFERENCE LIST www.earthskids.com/empwr.aspx (accessed November 2014) www.gov.uk/resilence_in_schools_health_inequalities 2014 (accessed November 2014) Kamen, T. (2011) Teaching Assistant’s Handbook for Level 3: Supporting Teaching and Learning in schools. Hodder Education www.kidpower.org/library/article/safe-without-scared (accessed November 2014) Meggit.C., Bruce.T., Grenier.J., (2012) Child Care and Education (2nd Edition) Hodder Education

Essay --

Thomas Alva Edison is a man of creativity and innovative thinking. According to Patricia Daniels, author of Thomas Edison, â€Å"Thomas Edison is regarded as one of history's most influential inventors, whose contributions to the modern era transformed the lives of people the world over.† Throughout his life span, he managed to achieve over 1,300 patents. A world record, no man could possibly break in their lifetime. From his early life, establishment of Menlo Park Laboratory, to inventing the phonograph and modernizing the first incandescent light bulb, via later years, he is sure the â€Å"Wizard of Menlo Park.† Thomas Edison’s early life was filled with downfalls and achievements. He was born on February 11th, 1847, in Milan, Ohio to Samuel and Nancy Edison (Endersby 1). The last child of 7 siblings to survive until adulthood. They lived in Ohio prior to moving towards Port Huron, Michigan in 1854 after his father's lumber business failed. Edison was a sickly child throughout his childhood years. It was not until his family relocated when he began school at the age of 8 years old. He attended a private school called Reverend G.B. Engle. After 3 months, his mother Nancy took him out of school because the teacher called him â€Å"addled† meaning a slow learner. From that point on she educated him at home only after he accepted a job selling newspapers and candy to passengers on the Grand Trunk Railroad in 1859 (Endersby 1). While working there he set up his first laboratory for experimenting and a printing press called the Grand Trunk Herald. One day while experimenting in the l aboratory, a fire broke out causing him to discontinue working there. This tragic event almost caused him to become deaf due a conductor boxing his ears. Yet it did n... ...e the ones in West Orange Laboratory. One experiment that got him going prior to his death was searching for an alternative to rubber for Henry Ford. During his last 2 years of living Thomas Edison was in deep critical condition. Then on October 18th, 1941 in his New Jersey home, Thomas Edison died at 9 pm. His very last words were â€Å"It’s very beautiful over there† , said to his wife Mina. Thomas Alva Edison revolutionized the world like no other person. His inventions impacted countries profoundly to become more modern. He started of with the establishment of Menlo Park Laboratory, to inventing the first phonograph, improving the Incandescent Light Bulb, and creating new inventions all the way until his later years. It is a tragedy when a mongul like Thomas Edison passes away. Yet the â€Å"The Wizard of Menlo Park† does not exist, his legend will forever exist.

Job Analysis Interview

A job analysis is the purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. An employer needs as much information as they can get to put together a description of the job. The employer will need to observe, interview, and question the right person for the job that meets their requirements. This helps the analyst to collect the information that provides a thorough picture of the job and the duties of the job. Below are the results of a direct interview with Dale Root who is a driver for Weatherford International, LTD. Weatherford is one of the largest global providers of the advanced products and services. They have more than 900 service facilities in the world. Dale is a truck driver that has been employed with Weatherford for three years now. This interview was conducted on May, 10, 20011, at Weatherford facility in Lindsay, Oklahoma. Weatherford) Dale Root is known as the top driver of Weatherford, and is their mechanic also of all the vehicles there at the Lindsay, Oklahoma yard. The company offers advanced product and services that span the drilling, evaluation, completion, production and intervention cycles of oil and natural gas. Weatherford has over 1,000 services areas that are being used in the United States and Global area. (www. weatherford. com) Dale Root is directly involved with delivering the tools to all locations in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas area. Dale is also responsible for maintaining the mechanical issues with all the trucks, pickups, and the work over rigs. If a truck breaks down, they call Dale in to fix it. According to Dale, the company has come a long way in the analyst area since he first started with the company in 2008. At first they did not have a correct evaluation system in place for they were often losing their information for direction and location areas. All with the location time that the hands must be on location at a certain time or they lose the job. In closing of the interview with Dale, He told me that his supervisor name is Tony Springman, who is the main person that actually does the evaluation on the new hires. They are very thorough with the hiring process of the company for they do a back ground check on you to make sure that you have no felonies on your record and to make sure that the person don’t have no more than three moving violations on their record. In closing, there is so much information that is available about Weatherford International LTD. On the internet and you can contact the human resources in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma for more information about the company. Tony Springman is the person to get into contact with here at the Lindsay, Oklahoma yard for a job application and to start the process of getting hired on with Weatherford. An analysis really must be done as accurately as possible and must always be kept current.

Haldirams Group Analyzing Consumer Behaviour Essay Example

Haldirams Group Analyzing Consumer Behaviour Essay Example Haldirams Group Analyzing Consumer Behaviour Paper Haldirams Group Analyzing Consumer Behaviour Paper Haldiram’s Group – Analyzing Consumer Behaviour Haldiram’s group is a true rags to riches story, which has expanded from being a small shop in Bikaner in 1937 to being one of the largest smart food chains in India and the world today. They are today a Rs. 10 billion company with multiple outlets across rural and urban India as well as a tremendous presence outside the country. Brand Haldiram’s is renowned for its superior product quality and supreme manufacturing processes which have been developed through tremendous research over the years. As the company continued to grow, they faced tough competition from local sweet and snack food vendors in the unorganized market. Their Unique Selling Proposition (USP) against the unorganised sector was the level of hygiene and product quality they maintained without any compromise in taste. This resulted in a shift of the utility curve towards the right, whereby consumers got a higher level of satisfaction, by consuming products from a bigger brand which believed in far better hygienic procedures (Ref graph). With this in mind, they evolved a competitive pricing strategy to survive and grow in the market dominated by smaller players. INDIFFERENCE CURVE ANALYSIS Haldiram’s has a huge product portfolio and sought to customize its products to suit the tastes and preferences of consumers from different parts of India. It has launched products, which cater to the tastes of people belonging to specific regions of the country. However, they maintained concentration on their core products such as ‘namkeens’, which contributed to almost 60% of their revenue mix and was also the first company in India to brand namkeens’. : At every stage of their business, Haldiram’s developed new innovative ways of pricing and marketing their products. They pioneered new ways of packaging which increased the shelf life of their products from less than a week to more than six months, thereby catering to the needs of hygiene conscious non-resident Indians and other foreign customers. At the same time, they were aware of the price consciousness of the typical Indian consumer who constituted the bulk of the market. Thus they managed to exploit the best out of the diverse consumer base by offering something for everybody. HALDIRAM’S – CAPTURING MARKET AND CONSUMER SURPLUS To exploit the best of both market segments, Haldiram’s did the following: -The company launched products in different packs with prices varying according to their weights. (Ref table below) PRICE RANGE OF NAMKEENS OFFERED BY HALDIRAMS PACK WEIGHTPRICE (IN RS)PRICE PER GRAM 30 gms50. 16 85 gms100. 11 180 gms 250 gms18-350. 13 400 gms 500 gms40-700. 12 1kg95-2000. 15 PRICE PER GRAM AT VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF DEMAND With the above table and graph in mind, Haldiram’s effectively lowered the price per gram in the 200-800 gms segment, which is where the bulk of their consumers were, thereby ensuring higher satisfaction for this market segment. -The company also customized specific products with attractive packaging and distribution concepts specifically for the festive season. -The company offered value-added services like online retailing and sales of Haldiram’s products in train and bus stations for consumers in transit. The company diversified its business by opening restaurants in various metros thereby en-cashing on its huge brand image and offering traditional Indian snack food items. Currently, Haldiram’s is facing tough competition from domestic and international competitors such as Brittania, HUL, ITC etc, apart from the local players in the market. To counter this and retain their market share, Haldiram’s is on an aggressive promotion and marketing spree. With all the above mentioned points in mind, we plotted the Demand Curve for Haldiram’s. Prior to its entry into the unorganized sector, the company focused on niche market segments from where they generated bulk of their revenue. Their demand curve resembled the blue line as indicated in the graph above. Once a conscious management decision was taken to enter the unorganized sector; Haldiram’s adopted extremely aggressive pricing strategies so that they could compete with the local vendors. MOVEMENT OF THE HALDIRAM’S DEMAND CURVE This helped in shifting the demand curve to the left, as indicated by the pink line in the graph, thereby ensuring that they set a foot into the unorganized sector. Having built a base for themselves, and sustaining their brand image in the unorganized sector over a prolonged period of time, Haldiram’s leveraged its position to become the market leader thereby pushing its demand curve above, back to the blue line in the graph. Now with the entry of domestic and international players, the market is going through another competitive phase. Haldiram’s is doing everything possible to hold onto their current position. With their track record in mind, they are focused and determined to tide over the current competitive scenario, so that they can offer additional value to their customers in the future, thereby pushing their demand curve further up, to the red line as indicated in the graph above.

moving about essays

moving about essays Each year, motor vehicle accidents kill an estimated 300,000 people throughout the world. A high proportion of those people are young people. They also have the highest accident rate of all drivers. Accidents are cause by speeding, driving in the wrong lane, making improper turns, and breaking other rules of safe driving. Cars has become safer over the years because of advances in its design and manufacture. Car manufacturers must meet strict government standards designed to prevent accidents and to protect drivers and passengers. Standards to protect car occupants include the installation of automatic seat belts or airbags, head restraints, and bumper system. Seat belts are probably the main safety equipment. Modern road building techniques have increasingly lowered the risk of car accidents. To build safe roads, engineers consider such factors as road foundations and surfaces, lighting, safety barriers, and grading. Collisions or human errors are occurred in most car accidents. The immediate cause of injury or death in traffic accidents are numerous, such as broken glass, fires, the crushing of the vehicle, hurling the passenger against the car itself. In a collision there is a very large change in velocity in a very short period of time. 59% of injury producing accidents are front end collisions. Therefore there is a major effort in designing front end of automobiles so that they will crumple in a way that results in a uniform acceleration over a relatively long distance, in order to keep the forces on the passenger low. In each car crash there are actually three collisions car collision, human collision, and internal collision. Car collision is during a crash, the car crashes to a stop. At 30 mph, a car hitting an object that is not moving will crumple in about two feet. As the car crushes, it absorbs some of the force of the collision. The second collision is the "human collision". At the moment of impact, ...

Care Plan A Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Care Plan A Nursing - Assignment Example The method of prioritization has also been clarified in the beginning of the discussion part. The paper stresses the importance of sincere nursing practices and steady and prompt intervention coupled with preventive measures and advanced examinations. Discussion Method of Prioritization The diagnoses have been prioritized as per the emergency assessment of each. The fear of risk along with lack of mobility is most serious since there can be sudden accident due to the patient’s low confidence and body balance problems. The diagnosis of bruising and skin tear can be indicative for more serious conditions like pressure ulcer. Polypharmacy is a relatively less severe condition since it can be gradually addressed. Bowel irregularities are the most chronic and common condition, so this problem is at the end of the priority list. Diagnosis 1 Mrs. Blackwell, aged in her 80, fell at home and subsequently underwent a right total hip anthroplasty. Now she has restricted mobility due to p revious falls and recent surgery. She expresses fear of falling again and she finds it hard to use the walking frame. All these facts prove that she has fear of fall along with restricted mobility. Goal: To help Mrs. Blackwell improve her Get Up and Go Test rating by 75% in the next 5 weeks. Also, Falls Risk for Older People in the Community rating for her should be bettered by 80% in this timeframe. Rationale: I will plan low intensity and low impact exercise schedule for Mrs. Blackwell to initiate effective nursing intervention in this case. Exercises like Tai Chi (Harling and Simpson, 2008) can help her regain her body balance and confidence. This exercise also helps in minimizing depression. This sort of intervention has been widely supported by modern research. Instead of medication and psychiatric treatment it is wise to emphasize the importance of light physical exercise. Physical therapy approach can help in reducing fracture and fall risk among the older adults to a conside rable extent (Karinkanta et al, 2010). Physical exercise and therapy should be such that they help in restoring body balance. Restoration of body balance can be effectively achieved by the means of individual adaptive and specialized programmes. Group training is a significant initiative in this direction (Halvarsson et al, 2011). Therefore I will try to better Mrs. Blackwell’s social network and involve her in the community efforts for the elderly. Last but not least, I will examine her improvement and response to the intervention techniques by using Get Up and Go Test (Brown and Edwards, 2008) to assess the body balance and confidence levels. The Falls Risk for Older People in the Community rating (Russell et al, 2009) is also important in this context. Diagnosis 2 Mrs. Blackwell has the problem of bruising and a skin tear on her left knee. This can be an indication for a serious underlying problem like pressure ulcer. At this stage, skin integrity risk is already evident. Goal: To help the patient to decrease her skin integrity risk. The aim is to reduce the risk by at least 60% as per the Skin Integrity Risk Assessment Tool in the next 5 weeks. Rationale: I will categorize Mrs. Blackwell as a â€Å"frail elder† (White, Karam and Cowell, 1994, p. 95) as she is showing signs of skin integrity complications. Skin integrity can be adversely affected due to epithelial tissue breakage. In the case of an

Art Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Art Review - Essay Example   Exhibition Pictures in SCAD Museum  Alex Prager is one of the renowned artists in California. Being an inspired lady she believed in taking still photographs and presenting them in different famous world museums. Between July 27, 2013, to December 2013, Prager unveiled still art and pictures of emotionally charged and seductive worlds to SCAD Museum.This became one of the first admired exhibitions in South East for the Los Angeles.She used the charming and the disturbing still and saturated images to capture the attentions of the viewers.These ever leaves the viewers in suspense wondering which kind of narratives and art knowledge she had (Prager, 2012).Mambo’s WorksPortrait of Artists  In 1984, Mambo started his paintings as a project; he used screen printing in most of his fashions and T-shirts. Mambo is one of the most dedicated artists who with other artists paint a collection of appealing arts shown in most of the National Galleries. In his 30 years of artwork, he managed to come up with exhibitions with the quiet number of fashions from more than 250 artists. In the late eighties and Nineties, Mambo painted a portrait of artists, landscapes with their blue skies and placed them on t-shirts for fashions shows. In 1986, Chris O’Doherty, Mambos artistic friend, decided to join his renowned Australian design marked Mambo, they could create appealing street images for fashion shows, labels, and t-shirts.Australian Jesus at the Football

Strategy Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy - Outline Example This development has prompted the company to develop a competitive strategy that can help it create competitive advantages and a sustainable market position (Low & Arain 2010, 15). One of the important approaches towards increasing efficiency in business activities is the use of strategies that reduce a company’s operational costs. This is important since companies can take advantage of the reduction in costs to maximize on the returns from the services and products they sell. Across various businesses in different industries, competitive advantages have often been achieved when firms attain high levels of profits from the activities they engage in. It is important to point out that particular industry structures play a crucial role in determining the amount of profits that business get from their operations (Plunkett & Research, 2010, 47). This is because; the particular forces shaping the industry and the same ones that determine the profits those firms derive from their operations. In the retail industry, like other industries, the particular forces affecting company and business performance include competition, like that which Wm Morrison is facing currently, the bargaining muscle in sellers and buyers of goods and services, as well as availability of complements and substitutes in the products and services being offered in the market(Worthington & Britton 2006, 13). The porters five model is used in making an analysis of the viability of business towards making competitive advantages and market position (Sadler 2003, 32; Grant 2008, 51). Businesses that want to grow and expand are expected to make an environmental planning and analysis on order to align their strategies accordingly. According to the porters five model, Wm Morrison has not received any major threats with the entry of new suppliers in the market. This can be attributed

Final - Project and Program Risk Management Essay Example for Free

Final Project and Program Risk Management Essay This type of management may take on an informal or formal approach, but risk management is essential for every project. Risk Management is not a well accepted standard practice since it points out negative aspects of projects, and there are numerous inhibitions that restrain the dynamics of risk management. According to the Wikipedia, a free web-based encyclopedia, the Project Management Institute (PMI) is a non-profit professional organization with the purpose of advancing the state-of-the-art of project management. The company is a professional association for the project management profession. The PMI sets standards, conducts research, and provides education and professional exchange opportunities designed to strengthen and further establish professionalism. The Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI() has established a six-step set of processes and practices for the risk management process as documented below: 1. Risk Management Planning: project risk infrastructure is established and a project-specific risk management plan is generated. 2. Risk Identification: events with potentially positive and negative impacts are clearly described. 3. Risk Qualifications: risks are evaluated according to nonnumeric assessment protocols. 4. Risk Quantifications: risks are evaluated according to numeric assessment protocols. 5. Risk Response Planning: strategies to deal with or precluded risks are evaluated and communicated. 6. Risk Monitoring and control: risk management and response plans are put into action. b) Why do professionals mandate Risk Management? Professionals mandate Risk Management in organizations since risk sometimes becomes a secondary issue. This secondary issue occurs since the hope that Project Managers will be able to handle issues and problems as they occur. Since risk remains a secondary issue until an organization’s luck runs out or a profitable opportunity is missed, professionals take a more proactive approach to risk identification and mitigation by applying Risk Management Process and Practices. Based on statistical information, unfavorable risk events eventually occur in good projects without a way to identify and mitigate risk. The Project Manager suffers the repercussions of such type of failure; therefore, professionals mandate Risk Management and support its practices in effort to mitigate risk. . Explain the Delphi Technique and steps for effective application. a) Explain the Delphi Technique. When expert interview techniques are not an option, the Delphi Technique provides an alternate means for extracting information from subject matter experts (SMEs) without pressuring or forcing them to provide much needed information. Many SMEs prefer not to participate in data-gathering processes; therefore, the project manager ( facilitator) applies the Delphi technique to collect information directly from the SMEs without infringing on their schedules. This technique allows the facilitator with directed follow-up capability from experts after peers have been consulted so the highest quality of information is extracted from the experts. b) Steps for Effective Application. To obtain effective information from the Delphi Technique, the Project Manager must posses the ability to generate the original questions to present to the experts and to clarify the information from the experts as it is received. The following six (6) major steps will increase the chances of a successful technique application: 1) Identify experts and ensure their participation 2) Create the Delphi instrument 3) Have the experts respond on the instrument 4) Review and restate the responses 5) Gather the experts’ opinions and repeat 6) Distribute and apply the data The Delphi technique is a time-consuming process, but this technique is promising in extracting information from experts who might not otherwise contribute to a project’s body of knowledge. 3. Explain the Crawford Slip Method (CSM). The Crawford Slip Method (CSM) is a classic tool used to combat the negativism inherent in team members while attempting to identify risk and risk information-gathering for a particular product or process. CSM offers a variety of advantages over other information-gathering techniques, in particular, the ability to aggregate large volumes of information in a very short time period and the complete avoidance of groupthink. CSM is not the hardest risk management technique to apply when properly facilitated. A clearly established question is defined by the facilitator and provided to all qualified participants. The participants then document their response to the clearly established question on a slip of paper. Providing the same clearly established question to the participants again, they document their response to the question on a slip of paper again. This process is repeated ten (10) times using the same clearly established question to better extract all of the unknown information available from the participants involved in the product or process. The initial slips of paper are usually very similar in content; however, as the process repeats itself, the later slips of paper tend to generate identification of issues and risks that could have been overlooked without repetition. The strength of Crawford Slip Method is efficiency. 4. Define SWOT Analysis and their selection criteria. a) Define SWOT Analysis. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis Technique is a directed risk analysis that identifies risks and opportunities within a higher-level organizational context rather than a project’s narrow vacuum.

Cosquer Cave :: Anthropology Research Papers

Cosquer Cave Around 27,000 years ago it is believed that large glaciers were spread across the Alps. These glaciers were so large and held such a large quantity of water that the sea level of the Mediterranean dropped some 100 meters. When the opening of the cave was revealed, men entered the cave and drew amazing paintings and drawings along the walls. When the earth became warm again the glaciers melted, and the sea level rose. The cave entrance was once again covered up by 37 meters of water. (Time Travellers†¦) This cave was hidden for thousands of years until 1985, when scuba diver Henri Cosquer discovered the cave entrance. It is some 110 feet below sea level on Cabo Morgiou, which is near Marseille, in the southern part of France. It led him through a 450 feet long sloping tunnel to a large air-filled chamber. When Henri returned in 1991 to the dark chamber, he noticed a handprint on the cave wall. Soon he noticed many handprints. When Henri returned with other explorers, they searched and found artwork and many pictograph and petroglyphs. (Dawn of Prehistoric.) After doing radiocarbon dating, explorers discovered that the first handprint Cosquer found was 27,000 years old. At the time, it was the oldest date for a cave painting known anywhere. With more searching, charcoal was found and dated as being 27,870 to 26,360 years old. The gap in the dating leads explorers to believe that the cave was in disuse during the gap between the dates. (Dawn of Prehistoric†¦) Radiocarbon dating done on the paintings and drawings of the animals has lead prehistorians to believe these works are between 18,500 and 19,000 years old. Of the hundred animal images, horses are nearly one-third of the drawings. Many of the horses only show the heads, while some represent the entire body of the animal. Other animal paintings include ibexes, chamois and some bison. (The Cosquer Cave) A surprise to many of the explorers were the paintings of sea animals. Although sea level was around 360 feet lower then the cave entrance, and the cave entrance was only a couple kilometers from shore. Jean Clottes and Jean Courtin, two prehistorians, said: ‘One of the most delightful surprises of the Cosquer cave was its depiction of sea animals. A few paintings and engravings of saltwater fish are known in Upper Paleolithic cave art, but drawings that look like seals had so far only been recorded in two cave, at La Pileta and at Nerja in Andalusia.

Armenian Genocide Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Can you imagine yourself living during the time that WWI was going on? I’m pretty sure you’d be terrified to even walk out of your house. Like it wasn’t bad enough that the whole world was at each other’s throat, but to know that your country may be at the hands of another leader. A leader who may have different perspectives on every day life, with the benefit of doubt that it may be extremely foreign to you, is pretty scary. I’m pretty sure that it would make you or anyone else feel extremely unsafe and uncomfortable. But imagine being unaware of the underlying plan to â€Å"cleanse† your ethnic group. The Armenian people faced this situation during the time of WWI. Life between the Turks (Armenia’s rival) and the Armenians was very complex. Not all Armenians hated the Turks, and not all Turks hated the Armenians. Consequently, the Armenian people were not aware of any forms of annihilation that were being plotted at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What exactly is the definition of a Genocide According to the World Book Dictionary, genocide means: The systematic extermination or destruction of a political, racial, or cultural group1. When the word genocide is brought up, many people usually think of the Holocaust. Although the Holocaust was a massive tragedy, many don’t recall the Armenian Genocide. The Armenian Genocide was just as terrifying as the Holocaust, and we should commemorate this tragedy. The people who are held responsible for this tragedy are a young group of Turks. Their plan was to exterminate all of the Armenian population. The Turks desired a Turkish State that extended to Central Asia, and thus to carry through the unity of the Turkish speaking people. This creation of such a state would create what they call â€Å"Pan-Turkism†2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Armenians had their first taste of aggression by the Turks on April 24, 19153. Three hundred Armenian leaders, writers, thinkers, and professionals in Constantinople were imprisoned in many parts of Turkey without any advanced warning. Shortly after they were imprisoned, they were brutally tortured and beaten by the Turkish authorities. Other methods of brutality included pulling out fingernails, teeth, and beards, branding on the chest with hot horseshoes and raising the feet abo... ...everal facts that backed up my thesis. My sixth grade teacher once told me that a genocide seeks no difference between men and women, between children and adults. That it understands no righteousness and tolerates no principle which invests life with meaning and individuals with rights. The Turks believed it was okay to kill a Armenian and to get away with it. They believed that it was okay to starve them and send them on â€Å"death marches†. They believed it was okay to rape the women, and it was okay to kill the men as well as the children. The Armenians were not humans in their eyes, they were considered animals, or even objects. Mechanically operated robots of some sort, who were expected to walk practically-forever, in the middle of a deserted desert with nothing living within hundreds of miles away. No one to witness the killings. No one to hear their cries for help. No one to come and rescue them. And the Turks are blameworthy. Between 1915-1923, more than one million Armenian lives were taken. It is described as the first genocide in the twentieth century. The people of Armenia suffered prolong despair, devastation, torture, and brutality that will remain in history forever.

Discuss Pinters dramatic presentation of Ruth in The Homecoming

Surrealistically representing the pugilistic life of a pack of ‘Hackney predators', Pinter portrays the mounting conflict within the tribe as each male fights for the Alfa position, with the reward of the lone female, Ruth. Embroidered with elaborately hidden meanings, pregnant pauses and ellipses, this play strips the characters of the outside shell of etiquette and politesse associated with society and left with only language as an attempt to cover the nakedness of their animalistic cores. These characteristics are recognized through the ‘Pinteresque' themes of nameless menace, erotic fantasy, obsession and jealousy, family hatred, and mental disturbance. The plot follows the course of Teddy returning home with his wife, Ruth, and her journey in to ‘take on' the pack and eventually take over the role of Queen Bee. During the course of the drama, she exacts her revenge on Teddy in leaving him for his family of sexually screwed up ‘butchers'. Teddy and Ruth's arrival from America is symbolically representative of Teddy's homecoming after nine years away. He returns married with a ‘Doctorship of Philosophy' and supposedly father of three sons, although later questioned by Max, ‘all yours, Ted?', suggesting Ruth is, as ever, unfaithful and a prostitute. ‘Are you tired?' this passage opens with the estranged couple struggling to find coherence with the blatant discord, ‘No'. Ruth's replies are cold, quasi-monosyllabic and detached, perhaps in an attempt to undermine Teddy's ascension to authority as he blatantly refuses to listen and orders her around: ‘Go to bed. I'll show you the room' shows the reader that ultimately, Ruth's opinions are irrelevant as the subordinate member in a marriage. Like Joey is to Lenny, Teddy sees Ruth as merely an appendage, thus his patronizing condescendence, ‘You can help me with my lectures when we get back'. Teddy's long speeches reveal him as nervous despite his seeming attempts to reassure Ruth : ‘You'll be perfectly all right up there without me.' He uses excessive language to cover his vulnerability in face of the confident and controlling Ruth, whose short, sharp syntax displays her self-assured disposition. Similarly, Max and Lenny, who appear to feel her authority also go off into long, pre-rehearsed monologues, for example Lenny's encounter with ‘a certain lady' ‘with a certain proposal' ‘one night, not too long ago'. Ruth's presence evokes ambiguous emotions within Teddy's family: alternately revered and rebuked, she is perceived as both the absent mother-figure (Jessie) : ‘make the beds', ‘do the cooking', ‘scrub the place out a bit', ‘keep everyone company', and as a sexual object ‘in a dress in pale corded blue silk, heavily encrusted in pearls' and ‘pantaloons in lilac flowered taffeta'. Significantly mentioning the structure of the house, Pinter reminds the reader and the audience of the boneless, spineless family, now that Jessie, ‘the backbone' has died. Teddy, who wants to ‘stay up for a bit' and ‘walk about', provokes sub-textual connotations of the returning male reassuming his dominance as eldest son and marking his territory. However, giving Ruth the house key, having his cigar go out and going to bed prior to Ruth culminates into his eventual emasculation and loss of power among his brothers. Subtextually, Teddy's ‘You†¦need some rest, you know' is ambivalent in expressing Ruth's mental instability, or that Teddy is sending her away for doing something he doesn't approve of. The audience might relate this with ‘she's a very popular woman, she's got lots of friends', once again suggests Ruth's involvement with prostitution as a ‘photographic model for the body'. Stifled in her relationship with a British academic, Ruth's, ‘I think I'll have a breath of air' and ‘just a stroll' suggests she's out and about and ‘on the Game' even before Max and Lenny agree to sponsor her. Quintessentially, Ruth's confrontation with Lenny opens her ascension to power. If language is an attempt to cover nakedness, Ruth's short, direct syntax show her to be in a position of power over Lenny. Not dissimilar to courting males in the animal kingdom trying to hide their vulnerabilities from the females with bright colours or confrontational battles, Max and Lenny use long and decorously embroidered renditions of what have happened previously to appear intelligent and dominating. And yet, Lenny still seeks his absent mother, ‘Do you mind if I hold your hand?'. Psychoanalytically, Pinter portrays the mental decay of his characters as Lenny oscillates between the maternal craving and desire to punish women with ‘a belt in the nose and a couple of turns of the boot.' He expresses his assumed dominance in stating ‘I decided she was', referring to the irrelevance of whether or not the prostitute was diseased, but rather that his word_as a pimp and ‘escort'_is law. Even so, Ruth overrides his authority, threatening, ‘if you take the glass, I'll take you'. Proposals such as ‘sit on my lap' and ‘lie on the floor' have significantly provocative innuendoes, versus the maternal figure naming Lenny, ‘Leonard'. Pinter's intricate depiction of Ruth is her reminiscent, contemplative nature. She cunningly employs frequent ellipses ‘†¦' as a time of careful planning to put the angle of vision on her in a positive light. ‘I†¦move my leg', ‘I wear†¦underwear†¦which moves with me†¦it†¦captures your attention'. Employing this teasing, provocative language register, Ruth enacts a wordy striptease, seducing the men around her and putting herself in the spotlight. She describes America as ‘all rock. And sand', portentous of the ‘arid scimitar' in To the Lighthouse, while the ‘insects' metaphorically refers to her popularity amongst her ‘friends'. ‘once or twice †¦ cold buffet' insinuates Ruth is a high-class prostitute. Contrastingly with Max's diction, Ruth's language register is not full of expletives but rather strategically thought out. She applies legal diction to decide the conditions of her contract with Teddy's family: ‘All aspects of the agreement and conditions of employment would have to be clarified to our mutual satisfaction before we finalized to contract', showing she is able to take care of herself as an individual and will not let the ‘butchers' exploit her. This independence helps her stand out even more prominently than Teddy in all his aloofness, as she rises to position of Queen and orders Lenny , ‘I'd like something to eat', ‘I'd like a drink'. In noting how Lenny does not reject the subordinate role to Ruth, the reader might suspect he enjoys being told what to do by a woman and thus deduce that Pinter's own fantasies play a significant part in the play. He models Ruth on his wife, Vivien, embodying her as both saint and sinner, contrasting maternal and temptress. Biblically, Ruth, symbolic of ‘pity' but also a Moabite widow who left her own people to live with her mother-in-law Naomi. All assets of femininity are sewn into one character, exposing her to the male's sex drive and simultaneous desire for a mother presence. Ultimately, Pinter's presentation of Ruth significantly exposes her as the model female, simultaneously dominate and subordinate, maternal and temptress. Through his pack of Hackney predators, he depicts her as a tool for sexual enjoyment but the eventual Queen Bee with Joey ‘kneeling at her chair' in the final, still-life portrait.